14 acre removal on bluff slopes western Minnesota.

Buckthorn is an aggressive invasive shrub that overtakes landscapes, suppresses native plants, and disrupts ecosystems. Whether you’re dealing with common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) or glossy buckthorn (Frangula alnus), removing it requires a thoughtful approach. This guide outlines practical, science-backed methods to eliminate buckthorn and restore your property.

Why Buckthorn Removal Matters

Buckthorn spreads rapidly through seeds and resprouting, reducing biodiversity and altering soil conditions. The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) warns that it can outcompete native species, leading to long-term ecological damage. Removing buckthorn supports local wildlife, improves soil health, and restores the natural balance of your landscape.

Buckthorn Removal

The drastic change affects the native plants and animals allowing them to flourish.

Step-by-Step Buckthorn Removal Guide

Identifying Buckthorn

Buckthorn has distinct features that set it apart from native species:

Dark green, glossy leaves with fine teeth along the edges for common buckthorn

Black berries, typically clustered

Thorny or smooth stems, depending on the species

This is an image of common buckthorn, notice how the edges are rough.

The best time to identify buckthorn is in the fall, as it retains green leaves longer than native plants. The University of Minnesota Extension recommends double-checking with local experts to avoid confusing buckthorn with similar shrubs like chokecherry.

Assessing the Infestation

Before removing buckthorn, evaluate the scope of the problem:

Small plants can be removed by hand or with a shovel.
Large shrubs and trees (stems over 2 inches in diameter) need cutting and chemical treatment.
Map out infested areas to prioritize dense patches and make room for stacking cut buckthorn in piles to mulch or burn.

Choosing the Best Removal Method

Manual Removal

Manual removal is environmentally friendly but can be labor-intensive, especially for larger infestations.

Best for small plants or areas where chemicals aren’t ideal.

Hand-pull seedlings or use a weed wrench when soil is moist.
Ensure roots are fully removed to prevent regrowth.

Cutting and Herbicide Treatment

Best for mature buckthorn or widespread infestations.
Cut stems close to the ground using loppers or a saw.
Immediately apply a 20-25% glyphosate or triclopyr solution to the stump’s outer ring to prevent resprouting.

Regardless of the cutting method, it is recommended to either mulch or burn piles of buckthorn unless it is deemed appropriate to leave them for animal habitat.

Applying herbicide promptly is crucial—waiting too long reduces effectiveness. The USDA Forest Service advises treating stumps within five minutes of cutting for best results. Herbicide application is most effective in fall or winter; avoid freezing conditions.

Proper Disposal of Buckthorn

For most residential projects, it is best to mulch on sight. For larger prairie restoration projects, it is best to mulch or do controlled burns. With that, here are a few options to consider.

Do not compost berries—they contain viable seeds that can spread the infestation.
Dispose of debris responsibly: Chip, burn (if allowed), or haul to a landfill.
Check local regulations—some areas require permits for burning or herbicide disposal.

Monitoring and Follow-Up

Buckthorn is persistent, and seeds can remain viable in soil anywhere between two and five years depending on what research you read. To prevent regrowth:

Inspect treated areas annually for two to three years.
Remove new seedlings before they mature.
Reapply herbicide to stumps if necessary.

Keeping a log of treated areas helps track progress and ensures lasting results.

Restoring Your Landscape

Once buckthorn is removed, replant native vegetation to stabilize the soil and prevent future invasions.

Native shrubs like dogwood provide long-term sustainability.
Prairie grasses and wildflowers improve biodiversity.
In smaller residential areas, applying two to four inches of mulch to suppress buckthorn regrowth also shows promise.

Safety and Legal Considerations

When working with equipment like chain saws, saws, and herbicide, it is crucial to follow all safety standards possible. Even experienced forestry technicians have mishaps, so be careful and use as much caution as possible. Here are a few pointers we suggest following:

Wear gloves, goggles, and long sleeves when handling herbicides.
Avoid spraying near water sources to protect aquatic ecosystems.
Check local ordinances for herbicide application and disposal regulations.
For large infestations, hiring a certified arborist or invasive species specialist may be beneficial.

Final Thoughts

Removing buckthorn takes persistence, but the right strategies ensure long-term success. Small infestations can be handled manually, while larger ones require cutting and herbicide treatments. Regular monitoring, proper disposal, and replanting native species keep your land buckthorn-free.

For best results, start removal in the fall, when buckthorn is easiest to identify. Consult local experts for additional guidance, and take proactive steps to reclaim your landscape for a healthier environment.