When to Remove Buckthorn

Written By Ross Herdina

35 Acre buckthorn removal site in western Minnesota.

Buckthorn, an invasive shrub species, can wreak havoc on native ecosystems, outcompeting local plants and disrupting wildlife habitats as well as soil conditions. Knowing the optimal time to remove buckthorn is critical for effective control and restoration. This guide explores the best timing and methods for buckthorn removal, ensuring you protect your landscape efficiently.


Why Timing Matters for Buckthorn Removal

Buckthorn, both common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) and glossy buckthorn (Frangula alnus), spreads aggressively via seeds and resprouting. Timing removal correctly minimizes seed dispersal, reduces regrowth, and aligns with seasonal conditions for easier access and effective treatment. According to the Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR), strategic timing enhances control success and supports native plant recovery.

Best Seasons for Buckthorn Removal

Fall (September to November) - Best conditions

  • Why? Fall is a prime time for buckthorn removal. Leaves of native plants drop, but buckthorn stays green longer, making it easy to spot. Cooler weather and moist soil aid physical removal.

  • Methods: Hand-pulling small plants (stems under 2 inches) works well when soil is damp. For larger shrubs, cut stems and apply herbicide (e.g., glyphosate or triclopyr) to stumps to prevent resprouting, as recommended by the University of Minnesota Extension.

  • Pros: High visibility, effective herbicide uptake as sap flows downward.

  • Cons: Risk of seed spread if berries are present—remove or mulch cuttings.

An image of buckthorn still maintaining its leaves in fall for easy identification.

Winter (December to February) Good conditions

  • Why? Winter offers frozen ground for easy access to wet areas where glossy buckthorn often thrives. Dormancy reduces stress on nearby native plants during removal.

  • Methods: Cut and treat stumps with herbicide. The Wisconsin DNR notes winter cuts minimize resprouting if followed by chemical treatment.

  • Pros: Low impact on soil, clear visibility without foliage.

  • Cons: Cold weather can complicate labor; avoid herbicide use below freezing.


Winter removal makes it easy to identify buckthorn as it often is the last to lose its leaves.

Spring (March to May) - Not favorable

  • Why? Early spring targets buckthorn before it fully leaves out, reducing competition with natives. However, wet soil and new growth can complicate efforts.

  • Methods: Pull small plants after rain for easier root removal. Cut and treat larger stems, per the Illinois Natural History Survey’s advice.

  • Pros: Early action curbs seed production.

  • Cons: Muddy conditions and rapid regrowth risk if herbicide isn’t applied promptly.

Summer (June to July) - Least Favorable

  • Why? Summer is less ideal due to dense foliage and active growth, but it’s viable for small-scale removal or follow-up.

  • Methods: Foliar herbicide spraying (low concentration, per label instructions) targets actively growing plants, as suggested by the USDA Forest Service.

  • Pros: Active growth boosts herbicide absorption.

  • Cons: Hard to spot buckthorn amid other vegetation; avoid spraying near desirable plants.


Key Considerations

Managing invasive plants requires a careful approach to ensure effective removal while minimizing environmental impact. Whether dealing with a small infestation or a mature stand, the right strategies—from hand-pulling seedlings to using herbicides responsibly—can make all the difference. Proper disposal methods help prevent further spread, and ongoing monitoring ensures long-term success. Here are key steps to guide the process, as recommended by environmental experts.

  • Size of Infestation: Hand-pull seedlings (stems <2 inches) any time soil is moist. For mature stands, cutting and herbicide in fall or winter is best, per the National Park Service.

  • Herbicide Safety: Always follow label instructions, wear protective gear, and avoid water bodies to protect aquatic life, as cautioned by the EPA.

  • Disposal: Bag and remove cuttings with berries to prevent seed spread. Burn or chip debris if local regulations allow, per the Wisconsin DNR.

  • Follow-Up: Regrowth is common. Monitor and retreat for 2-3 years, especially after spring or summer cuts.

The best time to remove buckthorn depends on your goals and site conditions. Fall and winter are optimal for visibility, access, and effective control, while spring curbs early seed spread. Summer is a last resort for targeted foliar treatment. Pair removal with native replanting to restore your ecosystem. If you are reading this in summer, it is a perfect time to schedule a site visit and consultation to book a timeline for fall and winter removal.

Ross Herdina https://www.agileideasleadership.com
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